I often get asked how much I value various miles & points currencies, including those issued with credit cards, airlines, and hotels. The truth is that there’s no valuation for these currencies that everyone will agree on. That’s because the value that you’ll get from rewards points will vary significantly based on how you redeem them, and that’s also largely based on your travel goals.
Nonetheless, I try to use my knowledge of these programs to assign a value to each currency, which can fluctuate over time. Below I’ll share my updated valuations of many major miles & points currencies, and then afterwards I’ll explain my methodology. Note that I’ve adjusted my valuation of many currencies, to reflect the devaluations we’ve seen over time.
In this post:
Value of bank & credit card points September 2026
To me, transferable credit card points are the gold standard of rewards currencies. They offer a ton of flexibility, since you can transfer them to all kinds of partners. On top of that, there are so many lucrative credit cards that offer generous rewards structures for earning these points.
Personally, I always try to earn transferable points currencies with my credit card spending. Unlike other points currencies, I value these more or less the same, given just how many partners each program has.
Below are my valuations of the major transferable points currencies.
Bank program rewards currency | Value of bank points currency |
|---|---|
1.7 cents per point | |
1.7 cents per point | |
1.7 cents per mile | |
1.7 cents per point | |
1.7 cents per point |
For what it’s worth, these valuations remain unchanged compared to my previous valuations, since transferable points offer such flexibility, so they’re a bit more immune from individual valuations.

Value of airline miles & points September 2026
There are lots of ways to earn airline miles, from actually flying, to using co-branded airline credit cards. The value of airline miles does vary significantly between programs. It’s important to keep in mind that major airlines have lots of partners, so the value of these miles isn’t just based on the ability to redeem for travel on that particular airline, but also based on the ability to redeem for travel on partner airlines.
Below are my valuations of the major airline mileage currencies.
Airline program rewards currency | Value of airline points currency |
|---|---|
1.2 cents per mile | |
1.2 cents per Avios | |
1.4 cents per point | |
1.3 cents per mile | |
1.5 cents per point | |
1.4 cents per mile | |
1.5 cents per mile | |
1.3 cents per mile | |
1.2 cents per Avios | |
1.2 cents per point | |
1.1 cents per mile | |
1.2 cents per mile | |
1.1 cents per mile | |
1.2 cents per Avios | |
1.2 cents per Avios | |
1.3 cents per mile | |
1.3 cents per point | |
1.3 cents per mile | |
1.2 cents per mile | |
1.3 cents per mile | |
1.2 cents per point | |
1.2 cents per mile | |
1.3 cents per mile | |
1.1 cents per point |
My valuation of rewards currencies are intended to be conservative by design, so that people don’t unnecessarily or unrealistically hoard their points. Here’s how my valuations have changed compared to the previous time I updated this list:
- I’ve decreased my valuation of Air Canada Aeroplan points from 1.5 cents to 1.4 cents each; this is because there’s an ever-decreasing amount of premium cabin award space on partner airlines available through Aeroplan, ranging from Lufthansa first class to United Polaris business class
- I’ve decreased my valuation of Avios currencies from 1.3 cents to 1.2 cents each; this is due to a variety of factors, ranging from the devaluation of short haul awards on partner carriers like American, to Qatar Airways becoming increasingly stingy with releasing business class award seats
- I’ve decreased my valuation of Korean Air SkyPass miles from 1.5 cents to 1.3 cents each; this is because first class awards are basically impossible to snag nowadays
- I’ve decreased my valuation of Singapore KrisFlyer miles from 1.4 cents each to 1.3 cents each; the program has had periodic devaluations over time, so when you factor in pricing and availability, I have a hard time valuing the currency at higher than that
- I’ve increased my valuation of United MileagePlus miles from 1.1 cents to 1.3 cents; this is because United increasingly limits Polaris business class award seats to members of its own program, and has also introduced more attractive pricing for elite members and those with co-branded credit cards

Value of hotel points September 2026
Much like with airline miles, hotel points can be earned either through staying at hotels, or by using co-branded hotel credit cards. Generally, hotel points are easier to redeem than airline miles, given that there aren’t as many capacity controls or restrictions when redeeming them. That’s one of the reasons many prefer to earn hotel points rather than airline miles.
Below are my valuations of the major hotel points currencies.
Hotel program rewards currency | Value of hotel points currency |
|---|---|
2.0 cents per point | |
0.5 cents per point | |
0.6 cents per point | |
0.5 cents per point | |
0.5 cents per point | |
0.7 cents per point | |
0.3 cents per point | |
1.4 cents per point | |
0.6 cents per point |
Here’s how my valuations have changed compared to the previous time I updated this list:
- I’ve decreased my valuation of World of Hyatt points from 1.5 cents to 1.4 cents each; that should be easy enough to make sense of, given the recent devaluation
- I’ve decreased my valuation of Wyndham Rewards points from 0.7 cents to 0.6 cents each; this is also due to the devaluation we’re seeing implemented right now, whereby the cost of top redemptions is increasing
Some people might be surprised that I’m not lowering my valuations more. Why is that? Well, while more points are now needed for many hotel stays, revenue rates have also gone up considerably.
Some might argue “well flight costs have gone up as well.” That’s not untrue in economy, but generally my valuation of miles is based on aspirational redemptions, and the cost of first and business class tickets hasn’t necessarily gone up. Quite to the contrary, they’re largely priced more reasonably than a decade ago.

How to go about valuing miles & points
With the above out of the way, how do I actually go about coming up with a value for miles & points? First of all, let me share that I’ve been obsessed with miles & points for around 20 years. Keeping track of these programs is my passion (and my job), and I’ve also helped people redeem well over a billion miles over the years. I’d like to think I have a bit of experience.
Even so, that’s not to say that you should value miles & points the same way I do. Let me share some basics on how I go about valuing miles & points, and everyone can decide for themselves how they want to go about it.
Miles & points can’t be valued objectively
Miles & points are ultimately a form of currency, so you might be wondering why we can’t value them objectively. After all, there are exchange rates between monetary currencies, even though different factors impact their valuations.
There are a few reasons miles & points (at least for non-revenue based programs) can’t be valued objectively in a useful way:
- There are so many different ways to redeem miles & points, which will give you vastly different valuations
- There’s typically not a way to “cash out” your miles & points, and when there is, that’s generally not the most efficient way to use them
- Everyone has different travel goals, and you’ll get different value depending on whether your priority is taking the family to Disney World, or flying first class to Singapore
- Miles & points can be devalued over time, and are generally the property of the loyalty program rather than the member, so really we’re just playing by the programs’ games
Let me give a concrete example of why there’s no correct objective valuation of rewards points. Let’s say you have Capital One miles, which I value at 1.7 cents each, and you transfer those to Air Canada Aeroplan. You could redeem 120,000 points for a one-way ticket in ANA first class from Tokyo to London (availability is very hard to come by, but it’s possible!).

Meanwhile if paying cash, that ticket would cost over $16,000.

Alternatively, you could redeem a similar number of points for a one-way ticket in Air Canada business class from Miami to Toronto.

Meanwhile if paying cash, that ticket would cost under $1,600

As you can see, you can redeem a similar number of points for a ticket that would cost more than 10x as much when paying cash. This is purely intended to be an example, but hopefully at least demonstrates the complexity of valuing these currencies, because both of those scenarios represent the ways some people redeem their points.

Be conservative when valuing miles & points
For a variety of reasons, I try to be conservative when it comes to valuing miles & points:
- Miles & points can be devalued by programs at any time, so you have to apply some sort of a discount to them to account for that; in general there’s much more of a risk of devaluation for an individual airline or hotel currency, rather than a transferable points currency
- With most programs, you don’t actually own your miles & points; they belong to the program, and you’re just allowed to use them as long as you have an account in good standing
- People should be encouraged to earn and burn, and creating an artificially high value for points discourages that
As you can see, I value credit card rewards points more than a vast majority of individual airline currencies, even though those are the best ways to redeem them. That’s because I’m willing to value the points at a premium for the added flexibility that they offer, in addition to the fact that we often see transfer bonuses, which can stretch your points even more.

Valuing miles & points is both absolute & relative
Coming up with a valuation of a mile or point is both an absolute and relative exercise:
- The valuation should be absolute in the sense that a currency should be valued somewhere between the typical acquisition cost and the typical redemption cost; at the end of the day, this is why I value most of these currencies at somewhere around one to two cents each
- It’s relative because the way I come up with differing valuations between currencies is based on the pros and cons of redeeming with each program in terms of redemption rates, routing rules, and more

How you’ll get the most value with your miles & points
Generally speaking, if you want to get the most value from miles & points, there are two key aspects to that:
- You should spend some time studying these programs, because the deals to be had are in some cases amazing
- In general you’ll get the most value from points if you’re looking for aspirational redemptions, like staying at five star hotels, or booking international first and business class flights, where the cash value would be disproportionately high
Admittedly that’s not how everyone wants to redeem, and that’s totally fine:
- If you don’t have a lot of points, it’s probably not worth investing the time to study these programs all that carefully
- If you have a family with toddlers, then understandably your priority might be traveling to somewhere close by and having a room with a lot of space, rather than flying halfway around the world to stay at a five star hotel

Don’t fall for the retail cost fallacy
I think it’s important not to get too carried away with points valuations. For example, above I showed a $16,000+ one-way first class ticket from Tokyo to London in ANA first class that could be booked with 120,000 Aeroplan points.
Yes, on the surface I suppose you are getting over 13 cents of value per point. However, don’t focus on that too much. For mental accounting purposes, personally I value redemptions based on how much I’d otherwise actually be willing to pay for that experience. I would never, ever drop that kind of cash on a one-way first class ticket.
So while on paper that might be the valuation, I always ask myself how much I’d be willing to pay for a first class ticket like that. Personally I’d estimate that I’d probably actually value that flight at $2,000-2,500 or so, in terms of what I’d otherwise be willing to pay.
I’m not looking to get into a huge debate here about perceived value rather than retail value, but my point is that it’s important to consider how much you value these premium experiences, rather than just how much they cost.
Don’t take a trip just because it would cost a lot when paying cash, but rather do what you want to do, and try to maximize value along the way. At least that’s my take.

Don’t value miles & points based on one redemption
Another thing I consider with each points currency is how many good redemption options there are. The more flexibility and more options there are, the more I value those currencies. Don’t just value a points currency based on a single award ticket sweet spot.
For example, redeeming Virgin Atlantic Flying Club points on All Nippon Airways is a phenomenal value. However, we’ve seen these redemptions devalued multiple times over the years, and on top of that, first and business class award availability can be really tough to come by.
So while you could get a ton of value from Virgin Atlantic Flying Club points if you manage to find availability, you don’t want to value a currency exclusively based on one redemption. I try to factor in these sweet spot redemptions while acknowledging that they provide limited flexibility.

Value of miles & points frequently asked questions
Bottom line
Hopefully the above is a useful rundown of the value of various credit card, airline, and hotel points currencies. There’s no absolute right or wrong way to value points, and it’s totally reasonable if your valuation is different than mine. My goal is just to share my take, and provide a general framework for valuing these currencies.
I’ll keep my valuations updated over time, to reflect changes with these various points currencies.
How do you go about valuing miles & points, and are your valuations substantially different than any of mine?
Oh boy, here we go again...
It does not matter which or whose valuations that claim is based on, it has always been and remains completely and demonstrably bogus.
First, because Accor has a system in which points and cash are interchangeable, it...
Oh boy, here we go again...
It does not matter which or whose valuations that claim is based on, it has always been and remains completely and demonstrably bogus.
First, because Accor has a system in which points and cash are interchangeable, it makes no sense to compare those points to the rest where there is no such direct equivalence between cash and points.
Second, just like hard currencies, points currencies cannot be compared directly without knowing the exchange rate. In other words, you cannot claim that 1.4cents/Hyatt point are worth 2x more than 0.7 cent/Marriott point without knowing the exchange rate between Hyatt and Marriott points. That should be obvious but practically all of travel blogosphere flunks it.
So, skipping the trivial math that everyone keeps failing, I am just going to provide the punch line that shows that Hyatt points are not worth more than any other.
All we need is the following simple equation, which anyone who plays the game ought to know
value of a point = (return on the $)/(base earn rate)
That equation allows us to compare the relative values or "worth" points currencies by solving it for each currency's "return on the $" or reward payback or rebate -- neutral metric.
return on the $ = value of a point * base earn rate
We will use this site's values of points.
The base earn rates will be those of top elites in each program and will include bonus points from co-branded CCs.
Here we go...
Hyatt:
Point value: 1.4cpp; Globalist base earn rate: 10.5x
** Return on the $: 1.4 * 10.5 = 14.7%
Hilton:
Point value: 0.5cpp; Diamond base earn rate: 32x
** Return on the $: 0.5 * 32 = 16%
Marriott:
Point value: 0.7cpp; Plat and above base earn rate: 23.5x
** Return on the $: 0.7 * 23.5 = 16.5%
IHG:
Point value: 0.5cpp; Diamond base earn rate: 30x
** Return on the $: 0.5 * 30 = 15%
See? Based on this site's own "updated" valuations, Hyatt points yield the least bang on the buck, i.e., are slightly less valuable, than any other program's.
@Ben: should've let your valuations enjoy their retirement ;-)
Any questions?
Yes, just one.
If I told you that the GBP is worth $1.35, would your response be, "yes, but there are more dollars than there are pounds"?
I am not sure I understand the question, but I suspect that is what you and all of travel blogosphere would say since you think that it makes sense to directly compare "cents/point" of different programs and then claim that the point with the bigger "cents" is worth more, which is...
I am not sure I understand the question, but I suspect that is what you and all of travel blogosphere would say since you think that it makes sense to directly compare "cents/point" of different programs and then claim that the point with the bigger "cents" is worth more, which is what @Ben did here. It is total nonsense.
My math is kindergarten-level, incontrovertible, and speaks for itself.
BTW, the error margin on points values is far too great for such calculations. Ben has valued Hyatt points at less than 3x Hilton points, but another site recently valued Hyatt points at 6x Hilton. Using their figures instead would give a very different result.
There is actually no error margin to speak of.
The values of points in my equation above should be the cost of a points currency when the program that issues it sells it with a 100% bonus (0.5cpp for Hilton and IHG; 0.36 cpp for Radisson)
The base earn rates for top elites in each program are well established...
There is actually no error margin to speak of.
The values of points in my equation above should be the cost of a points currency when the program that issues it sells it with a 100% bonus (0.5cpp for Hilton and IHG; 0.36 cpp for Radisson)
The base earn rates for top elites in each program are well established and not controversial.
All programs, including Hyatt, adjust those two parameters so that their top elites get a 16% return on their spend. I do not believe Hyatt has decreased the face value of their point to 1.4cpp. I believe it remains internally at 1.5cpp. It is the redemption values of Hyatt points that have taken a huge hit.
Here are the exact face values of the major hotel programs that I have models, accurate to 2 digits:
Hilton: 0.50 cpp
Hyatt: 1.52 cpp
IHG: 0.53 cpp
Marriott: 0.68 cpp
Radisson Rewards (America): 0.36cpp
Those are internally set by each program and will change only when a program changes the base earn rates. No program, including Hyatt, has changes its members' base earn rate in a while...
Please use your head and simple common sense. There is no world in which one hotel program provides value that can be 3x or 6x more than that of any other. You stay at Grand Hyatt Singapore, and I say at Hilton Singapore, just a 5-min walk away, you do not get a "value" that is 3x or 6x more than mine. If you do points currency conversion correctly, it will be almost invariably 1x or 1:1.
Based on your questions and assertions, you are just as clueless about points currencies as everyone else, including self-anointed "travel gurus."
We're done here unless I hear something worth addressing.
"We're done here unless I hear something worth addressing."
No worries, I'm right there with you.
its fascinating how you wrote all this and just completely missed the point entirely and failed at understanding how redeeming points work lmao
It's doubtful you understood any of it but go ahead, enlighten me about "how redeeming points work (sic)"....and leave no doubt about your cluelessness.
All currencies listed are overvalued by 0.2 cents each. PS, United (with matching credit card), is now better than AA or AC for actual usefulness.
I know I'll regret asking this, but...on what basis have you decided that they are all overvalued?
You overvalued Aeroplan points relative to United. With its recent devaluation, redemptions on many popular long-haul routes using Aeroplan actually cost more than using United.
If you increased United Mileage plus I don't see why Delta is stuck at 1.1. Yes sky pesos are tied to cash but now in economy I'm consistently seeing 1.5+ cents per mile value (1.7+ with TAKEOFF15 credit card). If United value went up for having the credit card seems like Delta should too... Yeah sometimes the value is bad but for economy if I can consistently redeem for 1.7+1.8 with the credit card seems...
If you increased United Mileage plus I don't see why Delta is stuck at 1.1. Yes sky pesos are tied to cash but now in economy I'm consistently seeing 1.5+ cents per mile value (1.7+ with TAKEOFF15 credit card). If United value went up for having the credit card seems like Delta should too... Yeah sometimes the value is bad but for economy if I can consistently redeem for 1.7+1.8 with the credit card seems like it should be above 1.1 even when its domestic economy redemptions
a) As per my response below: if you're not spending cash, you're not earning points. In fact, this situation is more extreme, because you're not earning status points either.
b) what about the value for people who want to use points for something other than Delta economy?
a. Isn’t this the case with United too?
b. What about the people who want to redeem for economy shouldn’t the value literally be what the value is? With most of these points you’re getting 2+ cents per mile value for first/business so aren’t the valuations between 1-2 cents per mile accounting for economy
Yes. When you spend miles, whether Delta, United or another airline, you are doing so partly because the equivalent cash ticket would cost a chunk more than, (number of miles spent x value of each mile). I'm sure Ben has factored that into his valuations for both Delta and United.
Two of my oft-used hotel programs are easy. I value GHA Discovery dollars at 100 cents each ;)
However, joking aside, Accor points are worth 2 euro cents each, so that's ~2.3 US cents each. Not trying to be picky. But, of course you can't really win on the exchange rate fluctuations, in general. That is if the euro strengthens, you get more US$/point, but, then, your stay in US$ translates to less €...
Two of my oft-used hotel programs are easy. I value GHA Discovery dollars at 100 cents each ;)
However, joking aside, Accor points are worth 2 euro cents each, so that's ~2.3 US cents each. Not trying to be picky. But, of course you can't really win on the exchange rate fluctuations, in general. That is if the euro strengthens, you get more US$/point, but, then, your stay in US$ translates to less € and less point earn. And, if your stay is in Europe becomes more expensive in US$.
I'm not familiar with Accor, but I'm guessing that if you pay in points then you don't earn points? Which would make their true value less than their redemption value.
I don't see that Chase Ultimate Rewards point are valued at 1.7c, when it's two highest value transfer partners United and Hyatt are valued at 1.3c and 1.4c. The possibility to pay with points for travel with the Sapphire Reserve at 1.5c is ending in October. Good points boost redemptions greater than 1.5c are very rare.
While there is a benefit that credit card points can be transferred to multiple programs, that does not...
I don't see that Chase Ultimate Rewards point are valued at 1.7c, when it's two highest value transfer partners United and Hyatt are valued at 1.3c and 1.4c. The possibility to pay with points for travel with the Sapphire Reserve at 1.5c is ending in October. Good points boost redemptions greater than 1.5c are very rare.
While there is a benefit that credit card points can be transferred to multiple programs, that does not increase their value. Hence I would rate them at 1.5c or less, even 1.3c.
Continue to appreciate these conservative estimates that are much more in line with how I view the world.
For example, to me, Bilt points are not worth so much more because one day a month they have a speculative transfer bonus to a random program, sorry.
I do think there was a case for lowering Flying Blue to 1.2c because of that impending devaluation, but honestly I think 1.3 cents is probably the...
Continue to appreciate these conservative estimates that are much more in line with how I view the world.
For example, to me, Bilt points are not worth so much more because one day a month they have a speculative transfer bonus to a random program, sorry.
I do think there was a case for lowering Flying Blue to 1.2c because of that impending devaluation, but honestly I think 1.3 cents is probably the right valuation for FB miles - maybe the surprise there is that they were not worth 1.4 cents previously?
I transferred 85k points to FB two years ago, but the fare I wanted disappeared before I could use them. It's taken some effort to get my balance down to 25k.
In that same period, I've bought and used hundreds of thousands of Lifemiles, I found their value to be roughly 20% higher than FB even prior to the recent news.
Perhaps FB miles are more valuable for those who are US-based, but LM are better for those who are not?
Perhaps! I think lifemiles can be perfectly valuable, it's just the customer service element that devalues them for me.
Same analogy with Bilt versus Amex/Chase/etc. - for me the lack of being able to speak with a human if there's a problem is a huge negative.
reasonable changes. cant wait for the first person who doesnt understand optionality to type "how can chase points be worth 1.7 if no individual points they transfer to are worth 1.7!!!!!! hurr durrrrrr" with a straight face
Yup. Having the variety of options to transfer from those currencies (like UR) is the value there. That said, I'm still hard on myself at times, so I value these currencies at cash-out rates, like Amex MR 1.1 via Schwab Platinum, or CSR to 1.5 cpp via their portal in the good ole days; even though, yes, obviously, can get outsized value by transferring to a specific partner for a specific redemption that gets 2-5x value.
@Lucky, despite your caveats/methodology/etc., IMHO, Hilton's points haven't been worth 0.5 in YEARS. Contrast that to IHG (also 0.5), where you consistently get a better value with points (not even considering the IHG Premier's 4th night free or the Select's 10% rebate) at virtually all properties, from HI Express to IC.
When you factor in premium rooms, Hilton has absolutely insane pricing with points. At IHG, you can sometimes get premium rooms for the standard...
@Lucky, despite your caveats/methodology/etc., IMHO, Hilton's points haven't been worth 0.5 in YEARS. Contrast that to IHG (also 0.5), where you consistently get a better value with points (not even considering the IHG Premier's 4th night free or the Select's 10% rebate) at virtually all properties, from HI Express to IC.
When you factor in premium rooms, Hilton has absolutely insane pricing with points. At IHG, you can sometimes get premium rooms for the standard price (a steal), and where they offer them for redemption, it's not great but not horrible.
If you're using Hilton points, it's basically Standard room award, or just don't use points. Premium room awards might make sense for exceptionally aspirational stays.
As an example, right when it opened, the WA in Maldives (Ithaafushi) had these Stella Maris Ocean Villas (you'd have to take a little boat from the resort to even access them). You could book one for like 2,000,000 Hilton points per night (which was and still is ...insane)....
If you're using Hilton points, it's basically Standard room award, or just don't use points. Premium room awards might make sense for exceptionally aspirational stays.
As an example, right when it opened, the WA in Maldives (Ithaafushi) had these Stella Maris Ocean Villas (you'd have to take a little boat from the resort to even access them). You could book one for like 2,000,000 Hilton points per night (which was and still is ...insane). Those points were/are worth about $5,000 at breakeven (0.5cpp), but those same wild villas were going for between $4-7K+ cash-price on-average, so depending on the night, it could've made financial sense to burn points, like transfer 1 million MR to 2 million Hilton, etc.
But, I donno. All that seems like a big ole waste to me... Standard was 150K/night (still a lot, but it got you a really nice overwater bungalow already anyway). And, with fifth-night-free, that lowered your total, too. Add in an occasional Amex transfer bonus, that was 'acceptable.'
Sensible updates, especially on Aeroplan (worse) and United (better). It's wild how these programs go through cycles. Earlier this year, burned AS points for a sweet-deal on AA (85K for long-haul F on their retiring cabin 773); some others did the same using AS for J on JX (@Samar!) The transcon deals with United (and even some of their redemptions for TATL Mint have been good, recently, if B6 actually operates). But, availability can be...
Sensible updates, especially on Aeroplan (worse) and United (better). It's wild how these programs go through cycles. Earlier this year, burned AS points for a sweet-deal on AA (85K for long-haul F on their retiring cabin 773); some others did the same using AS for J on JX (@Samar!) The transcon deals with United (and even some of their redemptions for TATL Mint have been good, recently, if B6 actually operates). But, availability can be odd (sad-face to Aeroplan, which used to be the G.O.A.T., but now basically no partner awards on LH, etc. Come-on!)
Two considerations I make that many don't:
1) redemptions with points that are easily cancelled and refunded are worth more. Got burned on a 50k + $400 Avianca redemption flying various airlines to a remote location in Asia that I had to cancel and couldn't get money or taxes back for. Every time I've cancelled an Alaska redemption, regardless of the airline, it's been an easy click and quick refund.
2) When I use 200k...
Two considerations I make that many don't:
1) redemptions with points that are easily cancelled and refunded are worth more. Got burned on a 50k + $400 Avianca redemption flying various airlines to a remote location in Asia that I had to cancel and couldn't get money or taxes back for. Every time I've cancelled an Alaska redemption, regardless of the airline, it's been an easy click and quick refund.
2) When I use 200k miles vs paying say $3,000, the miles are not taxed when earned, whereas the $300 is after earning ~$4,000 and then paying taxes. Using miles is tax-advantaged, so to speak.
Obviously the spend to generate the miles is after tax, but the points currency remains untaxed unless a few populist politicians trying to make names for themselves get their way.
I agree with your first point.
Along similar lines - the value of transferable currencies is partly dependent on how quickly they can be transferred.