Spirit Airlines Restructuring: Business Model & Network Changes

Spirit Airlines Restructuring: Business Model & Network Changes

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Spirit Airlines has just filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection, after years of losses, plus a failed takeover attempt by JetBlue. The good news is that it will be business as usual for passengers, and the company already has an updated financing plan, and hopes to emerge from its restructuring in the first quarter of 2025.

The thing is, Spirit’s issues aren’t just the carrier’s massive amount of debt, but also the company’s lack of profitability since the start of the pandemic. It’s great to address debt issues, but how does the airline plan to return to profitability? Spirit has shared some details about its planned transformation, so let’s take a look.

How Spirit Airlines hopes to return to profitability

@IshrionA flags the details of Spirit Airlines’ transformation plan. While it’s somewhat light on details, the airline has shared a variety of priorities going forward.

When it comes to the passenger experience, we know that Spirit has already been transforming its business model, by eliminating change fees, and even introducing new fare bundles, more in line with what the legacy carriers offer. Beyond that, the airline is planning some other major changes:

  • Spirit Airlines plans to introduce free Wi-Fi for all members of its Free Spirit program, with standard economy getting free browsing, and premium passengers getting free streaming
  • Spirit Airlines plans to offer free water and small snacks for all passengers, with other items available for purchase
  • Spirit Airlines plans to update the interiors of jets, including introducing in-seat power, plus larger overhead bins
  • Spirit Airlines wants to revise its premium offerings, potentially introducing an extra legroom economy section, possibly in lieu of the current product with blocked middle seats (in addition to the carrier’s “business class” equivalent)

Spirit Airlines also plans to overhaul its route network. Part of this will include exploring codeshare and joint venture opportunities. Beyond that, the airline has identified the following opportunities:

  • Redeploying 20-30 aircraft from the cities with the lowest revenue performance
  • Relocating aircraft to top “value seeker cities” in different regions to gain relevance (targeting 50% seat share); the plan is to first focus on Fort Lauderdale (FLL), and then develop additional focus cities in early 2026
  • Achieving stronger pricing power (generally 5-10%) in new cities with increased market relevance
  • Increasing the amount of flying in markets with less than daily service, as a low-risk way to expand and explore new markets
  • Increasing seasonal flying, by operating routes during peak seasons when profitability is substantial, while limiting or fully removing capacity in off-peak or shoulder periods
  • Maximizing “out and back” flying, where the same plane and crew starts and ends at the same airport each day, to limit operational issues

My take on Spirit Airlines’ turnaround plan

As much as the “big three” US carriers have seen a pretty good post-pandemic rebound, the reality is that the airline industry continues to be really rough. Delta and United are the only substantially profitable US airlines, and much of their profits from their loyalty programs, their premium offerings, and their long haul network.

The reality it’s really hard to turn a fair profit by simply flying passengers domestically, without profitable premium offerings or co-branded credit cards. In that sense, Spirit and other airlines are kind of in a tough spot. Obviously a better balance sheet is a good start. I’m rooting for Spirit, though it sure feels like more is needed here:

  • In-seat power, bigger overhead bins, free water, and free Wi-Fi, isn’t suddenly going to make the airline profitable
  • Things like deploying aircraft from the lowest revenue performance airports seems like something obvious that would be done on an ongoing basis, rather than some amazing new revelation that’s going to turn around the airline

For example, JetBlue is an airline with a great passenger experience, which passengers enjoy flying, and which has a strong presence in some major airports. Still, the airline is seriously struggling with profitability.

Personally I think the industry still needs some consolidation. Not because I’m some pro-corporate guy who loves consolidation, but rather because an industry isn’t healthy when so many of the players are losing money.

This is purely speculation on my part, but I wouldn’t be surprised if a Spirit and Frontier merger is revived once again, once Spirit’s balance sheet is looking a bit better. It still seems like there’s a lot of merit to having a major national ultra low cost carrier (though… neither airline is really an ultra low cost carrier at this point).

Spirit Airlines is updating its business model

Bottom line

Spirit Airlines has filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection, and has unveiled its restructuring plan. It should be business as usual for the carrier, though the airline is planning some updates to both the passenger experience and its route network.

I still struggle to see how Spirit will return to profitability, just due to the overall situation the industry is in, with high costs and lots of competition. The limited number of profitable airlines are making much of their money from credit cards and premium revenue, and that’s something that’s harder for small carriers to fully tap into.

What do you make of Spirit’s transformation plan?

Conversations (51)
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  1. Gray Guest

    I mean, I feel like this is going to reopen the merger path. "Look, you blocked a merger and so we went into bankruptcy..." feels like a solid comeback to the antitrust suits. Eventually we're going to have an airline that's in trouble, the DOJ trying to stop the merger, and the airline is just going to come out swinging with a "Plan B" of liquidation being the best result for bondholders/shareholders.

  2. Frequentflyer Guest

    The public has spoken. They tried low cost airfare and don't like it! They prefer space and comfort over Spirit's airbus configurations. They are willing to pay for space and comfort.
    Spirit wanted to cater towards folks who couldn't afford to fly, but they treated them like steerage.
    Average folks will spend to be comfortable and less stressed out. So this is the word on the street.

  3. S_LEE Diamond

    I don't care about drinks or snacks. What I do care is luggage. I won't fly Spirit until they allow either a carry-on or one checked bag for free. I always travel with a carry-on, and Spirit often costs more than legacy carriers when including the carry-on fee.

    1. Regis Guest

      One standart size carry-on should always be allowed in any fare and any class. Nobody travels with just a purse or a backpack that fits underneath the seat. It is like selling a seat and charging extra for the use of the seatbelt. It is something that everybody travels with and need. I am glad JetBlue saw the light added a carry-on to their basic fares.

    2. Gray Guest

      "Nobody" is carrying a lot of weight. I've heard of folks who do, but it's usually for /very/ short trips.

    3. Ryan Guest

      I have no issue packing for a long weekend trip in a Spirit size approved roller bag. Combine that with one way's often under $75 and I have taken tons of weekend trips I would not have taken if Spirit did not exist.

      There are several bags that are the exact dimensions allowed which make this even easier. Just check Amazon.

      So no, it is not like charging for a seatbelt because not...

      I have no issue packing for a long weekend trip in a Spirit size approved roller bag. Combine that with one way's often under $75 and I have taken tons of weekend trips I would not have taken if Spirit did not exist.

      There are several bags that are the exact dimensions allowed which make this even easier. Just check Amazon.

      So no, it is not like charging for a seatbelt because not everyone needs a giant roller board, suitcase and their pillow from home.

      Spirit even has an instructional video on how to pack : https://vimeo.com/101262226

  4. John Smith Guest

    Spirit Airlines will never be profitable with the name "Spirit Airlines." The company decided to cash in on its good name during covid, and save money on customer service reps, while meltdowns and fights broke out rampant. When you hear the name Spirit Airlines, the general population cringes. Which is why management can't figure out why they don't have "ticket price resiliency," aka raising ticket prices. People won't pay more than what they're willing to...

    Spirit Airlines will never be profitable with the name "Spirit Airlines." The company decided to cash in on its good name during covid, and save money on customer service reps, while meltdowns and fights broke out rampant. When you hear the name Spirit Airlines, the general population cringes. Which is why management can't figure out why they don't have "ticket price resiliency," aka raising ticket prices. People won't pay more than what they're willing to wager on a roulette table. Change the name (and color), and guarantee an on time arrival or $20 bucks back. Lastly, fire guitar-hero-Ted and Bend-over-itis!

    1. Ricport Guest

      Excellent point. the NK name is so toxic thanks to their legacy of tacky ads and the endless parade of fights/pax meltdowns/attacks on staff posted on social media, that I don't think making these changes is enough. They need to improve their product and at the same time, find some differentiation that would entice people to try them over the legacies. Not an easy task. But a rebrand seems like an absolute must.

    2. Gray Guest

      I'm confused...when did Spirit have a good name?

  5. Pete Guest

    If you're going to fly Spirit, surely you know what you're getting yourself into? It's like people complaining about Ryanair. Yes, they're totally inflexible, and everything costs, but they get you there in one piece. Lower your expectations, make sure you follow the rules, and Spirit will get you there too.

    1. grayanderson New Member

      Well, that's the problem they're facing...everyone knows what they're getting into, and so they're choosing not to get into it.

  6. dan Guest

    Ben you often talk about low cost carriers not being able to tap into the most profitable segments in the US post-pandemic.

    But maybe you could do a blog post on why the story is so different in Europe? Aren't Ryanair and easyJet are doing just fine, and why shouldn't that provide some hope to NK and FR? Sometimes people say European ULCC operational reliability is much better than NK and FR, or their...

    Ben you often talk about low cost carriers not being able to tap into the most profitable segments in the US post-pandemic.

    But maybe you could do a blog post on why the story is so different in Europe? Aren't Ryanair and easyJet are doing just fine, and why shouldn't that provide some hope to NK and FR? Sometimes people say European ULCC operational reliability is much better than NK and FR, or their route network structure is different, but that's not related to premium demand or loyalty programs

    1. Andy Diamond

      I think the main difference is that European ULCC prefer secondary airports with very low fees and rental charges, in particular Ryanair. These airports are often far away from the city center - which seems to work in the leisure segment.

    2. Matt Guest

      That used to be the case with some very high profile examples eg Frankfurt, Brussels and Stockholm. But not sure it is so true anymore as their network has expanded and matured. They go to fairly primary airports in Barcelona, Madrid, Rome, Berlin, Lisbon, Milan, etc and most leisure destinations don’t have secondary airports. They have just been very strict on costs (airport and aircraft) and will refuse to fly routes that do not make...

      That used to be the case with some very high profile examples eg Frankfurt, Brussels and Stockholm. But not sure it is so true anymore as their network has expanded and matured. They go to fairly primary airports in Barcelona, Madrid, Rome, Berlin, Lisbon, Milan, etc and most leisure destinations don’t have secondary airports. They have just been very strict on costs (airport and aircraft) and will refuse to fly routes that do not make them money. Some airports have reacted to that and lowered fees.

    3. grayanderson New Member

      Milan has Linate, for example...

  7. david wheatley Guest

    Eliminate overhead luggage or make it smaller not larger. Eliminate the abuse by passengers taking forever to stuff oversized bags overhead and then bring them crashing down on fellow passengers. Eliminate the time it takes to board and depart their planes. No fees to check bags will take care of this.

  8. Ken Guest

    Business 101: If you sell your product for less than it costs you, you don’t make any money. Travelers only willing to pay a $39 fare should just take the bus.

  9. john Guest

    Dump the school bus livery and get a professional and respectable brand color palette.

    1. Notbad41 Member

      Also, change the name and charge more money. Let the people wanting to get somewhere for $50 take the bus.

  10. Matt Z Guest

    Their reputation is terrible. I've never flown Spirit, and none of my friends recommend it after their experience with Spirit. I'd rather pay a little extra to fly others in case some unforeseen circumstances occur; I have a backup option. I am surprised that Frontier is doing good???

  11. Andrew B Guest

    First of all, I thought Spirit already concentrated on out and back flying -- that's nothing new. Spirit and its ilk are largely responsible for the basic economy fares that we've seen on legacy carriers in these past few years. For a while now, the conventional wisdom was that ULCCs were more capable of turning a profit than legacies. Now it turns out that, at least in the US, that isn't necessarily the case. So...

    First of all, I thought Spirit already concentrated on out and back flying -- that's nothing new. Spirit and its ilk are largely responsible for the basic economy fares that we've seen on legacy carriers in these past few years. For a while now, the conventional wisdom was that ULCCs were more capable of turning a profit than legacies. Now it turns out that, at least in the US, that isn't necessarily the case. So we as consumers are left with legacies offering less and ULCCs that are struggling. Thanks a lot.

    Spirit needs to figure out what its strength is/what differentiates it from its competitors. Is it its route network? (Probably not, since it mostly followed legacies into routes that were already being served.) Its hard product? (Only for those who love sitting in the fetal position for the duration of the flight.) Its soft product? (Only if your kink is being treated like a steer on its way to slaughter.)

    There were some rare instances where Spirit offered a better value, even when taking into account ancillary fees - but for the most part, Spirit's main source of profit in the past several years seems to be passengers who don't realize that their fare doesn't include seat selection, carry-on bags, soft drinks, oxygen, etc.

  12. James S Guest

    A decade of airline consultants chanting "customers only care about price" was completely wrong.

    Customers care about comfort and dignity and are willing to pay a little extra for it.

    1. JustinB Diamond

      I’d agree but add dignity more than comfort. It is spirit’s reputation that will be the biggest hurdle to commanding higher fares. JetBlue is a good testament that people won’t really pay more for marginally more comfort.

    2. Leigh Guest

      You over simplified it…it’s been proven many times across many industries that a large segment of consumers will go for price. Just turn on your TV and watch the commercials.

      The airline industry is cost/overhead heavy. That’s the challenge. Also managing dynamic pricing is a lot different than managing pricing at Walmart…

  13. KlimaBXsst Guest

    I think at this point we have to be honest with ourselves and review the statistics regarding the percentile success rate of companies that manage to stay out of Chapter 7 within 6 months, 12 months, 24 months, and 60 months of filing Chapter 11. I am sure business majors can easily quote this figure off the top of their heads versus this history major, but like most i find graphs far more interesting.

  14. D3kingg Guest

    The stock price is $1.08. They sell a can of Coca Cola in flight for $4.50. Let that sink in.

    1. George Romey Guest

      Maybe if gets down to around 50 cents a share when you buy an overpriced can of soda for $4.50 the flight attendant will print out a stock certificate in your name for one share as a purchase incentive.

    2. Kair Member

      I rather like Spirit and I really hope it will survive. A lot of general travelers (not just passengers of Sprit flyers) benefit by their low cost fare.
      I can see that they have limited means to respond to irrops due to their route network (destinations with only a daily frequency and stuffs) but when I flew with them, they had good crews and ground staffs, and planes were cleaner than legacy carriers in general.

  15. Anonymous Guest

    What did Spirit change with "Saver$ Club"? One of the slides mentions "future Saver$Club Strategy" under Phase 2 - rest of 2024

  16. David Guest

    Perhaps if the Biden Administration had allowed a merger with Jet Blue or Frontier, this could have been avoided?

    1. ORD_Is_My_Second_Home Diamond

      Yes, it would have different. It would have been B6 declaring bankruptcy, and I would have had to fork out good money for a few good bottles of champagne to celebrate. Stop trying to blame the administration for everything. Death to Mango Mussolini. Death to Hillbilly Bear. Death to Corny Cowboy.

  17. George Romey Guest

    Essentially Spirit is walking away from the ULCC business model because it doesn't work. But their path while probably the only way forward isn't guaranteed. They will lose part of the population that can only fly with $49 fares. Their reputation particularly in the era of social media makes attracting new flyers tough, not to mention all the legacies offer a similar product.

    1. JustinB Diamond

      I agree their reputation is a major challenge. even if the product improves greatly, a large portion of the population will continue to skip right past it because they don’t want to be seen flying ‘spirit’.

    2. Ryan Guest

      I always find this fascinating because statistically their on time and cancellation performance is not significantly worse than majors.

  18. NedsKid Diamond

    Strategy changes to increase revenue aren’t normally part of a bankruptcy reorganization plan. The point is to do some combination of cost cutting and debt service reduction that puts the company in a stable state going forward.

  19. ORD_Is_My_Second_Home Diamond

    Garbage airline that flies garbage planes filled with garbage passengers. Too bad it wasn't Chapter 7.

    1. NedsKid Diamond

      Show us on the doll where Spirit hurt you.

    2. ORD_Is_My_Second_Home Diamond

      On my lower back and knees from the one time I flew them, Ned. And you know me under another name from other sites. Figure it out and you would realize my opinions regarding ULCCs, B6 and Dl (all highly negative).

    3. George Romey Guest

      Nothing has brought endless person arrested at the airport You Tube videos for doing (fill in the blank) than these 2 airlines. Yes, I very much would like to see the ULCC business model fail. Back in the 70s when I was growing up flying was a pleasure, not a chore. Sure, fewer people could fly but no one complained. Not to mention fares can be lower than 70s levels today because of technology and...

      Nothing has brought endless person arrested at the airport You Tube videos for doing (fill in the blank) than these 2 airlines. Yes, I very much would like to see the ULCC business model fail. Back in the 70s when I was growing up flying was a pleasure, not a chore. Sure, fewer people could fly but no one complained. Not to mention fares can be lower than 70s levels today because of technology and the hub and spoke model which is a much more efficient use of assets.

      Sorry no need for $39 fares.

    4. D3kingg Guest

      You don’t wanna miss aunties annual bbq in STL. Arrive hangry. Throw in a 7hr connection thru BWI .

  20. CF Frost Guest

    Why the focus on FLL? It’s not exactly a premium city & MIA has the scale to vacuum up higher spending.

    1. D3kingg Guest

      @CF Frost

      They serve the Carribean, Central America , and South America out of FLL.

    2. 305 Guest

      Their HQs are a mile from the airport and FLL has long been one of their largest/best performing hubs

      While Ben may avoid FLL due to I95, I find myself picking up family/friends from there all the time due to its lower fares across all airlines

  21. Matt H Member

    What can be done to reduce the expense of operating domestic flights that won't impact the customer experience? It seems like overregulation and fees that airlines incur are what is making it difficult to offer these services in the United States.

  22. Joe Guest

    They need more of a premium seat offering, not just the 'block the middle seat' nonsense. That's a glaring difference between them and the majors, a huge opportunity to grab share, and a major differentiator between them and the other LCC. More legroom = More $$

    1. NedsKid Diamond

      They already have (and have long had) a premium seat offering - seats similar to other domestic airline first class with more legroom at the front. 2x2 seating.

  23. Timtamtrak Diamond

    I’ve enjoyed flying Spirit and hope they can turn it around. Already noticed fares have gone up in the markets they exited from MCI. :(

    1. ORD_Is_My_Second_Home Diamond

      Therex are only two groups of people who "enjoy" flying NK: trailer trash and brain tumor sufferers.

    2. Timtamtrak Diamond

      Guess I better schedule a trip to my friendly trailer park neighborhood oncologist. Heaven forbid anyone have a differing opinion.

  24. CHRIS Guest

    They deserve to fail. For years, they intentionally made the experience of traveling with them as miserable as possible. Nothing will restore any faith that they can become a decent and respectable business. They have a ValuJet problem. The silly yellow airplanes, plastic city bus seats and abysmal outsourced-everything "service" has finally come full circle.

Featured Comments Most helpful comments ( as chosen by the OMAAT community ).

The comments on this page have not been provided, reviewed, approved or otherwise endorsed by any advertiser, and it is not an advertiser's responsibility to ensure posts and/or questions are answered.

Matt Z Guest

Their reputation is terrible. I've never flown Spirit, and none of my friends recommend it after their experience with Spirit. I'd rather pay a little extra to fly others in case some unforeseen circumstances occur; I have a backup option. I am surprised that Frontier is doing good???

3
Ken Guest

Business 101: If you sell your product for less than it costs you, you don’t make any money. Travelers only willing to pay a $39 fare should just take the bus.

2
john Guest

Dump the school bus livery and get a professional and respectable brand color palette.

2
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