Major: Turkish Airlines Investing In Air Europa, In Wild Card Deal

Major: Turkish Airlines Investing In Air Europa, In Wild Card Deal

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Global aviation in Europe is very much controlled by the “big three” European airline groups — Air France-KLM, IAG, and Lufthansa Group. These airline groups often try to buy up independent airlines, both to further their strategic interests and to prevent competitors from doing the same.

For some time now, acquisition talk in Europe has largely centered around Air Europa and TAP Air Portugal, two long-haul carriers that don’t belong to any of the major long-haul joint ventures. Last week, I covered how Air Europa received an interesting investment offer. There’s now an update, as this offer has been accepted…

Turkish Airlines acquiring minority Air Europa stake

In recent times, we’ve heard reports of Air France-KLM and Lufthansa Group considering an investment in SkyTeam carrier Air Europa, which has its largest hub in Madrid. Those offers were ultimately withdrawn, and Air Europa has instead accepted another deal.

Turkish Airlines has submitted a binding offer to acquire a minority stake in Air Europa, and that offer has been accepted. Specifically, the global airline giant intends to acquire a 27% stake in Spain’s second-largest long-haul airline for roughly €300 million.

This investment comes in the form of a loan that will convert into equity. Air Europa’s goal is to clear all of its debt with the government, including early repayment of a €475 million loan granted during the pandemic. In a filing, Turkish Airlines explains the rationale for this investment:

Following feasibility studies, the investment has been evaluated as being in line with our Company’s long-term value generation objectives under its 2033 strategy, based on the following:

i. The complementary nature of Turkish Airlines’ global network and Air Europa’s strong presence in the Iberian Peninsula and Latin America across both passenger and cargo segments, enabling scaled and accelerated growth in the Latin American market; and

ii. The potential to create a leverage effect for our aviation ecosystem — including subsidiaries and JVs — through new revenue streams and increased regional operational diversity.

This deal is expected to close within the next 6-12 months, and is, of course, subject to government approval. However, given that this is a minority stake, that is unlikely to be a major issue.

The backstory of Air Europa’s current ownership structure is interesting. In 2019, IAG (the parent company of British Airways, Iberia, etc.) intended to acquire Air Europa. This would’ve been a major shakeup for aviation in Spain, and for the general dynamics in the industry, given that we would’ve seen the same company controlling Spain’s two biggest long haul airlines.

That deal never ended up happening as intended. First, there was a major delay due to the pandemic, and then regulators ended up blocking the deal due to concerns over a lack of competition. IAG did manage to acquire a 20% stake in Air Europa, though there’s no closer cooperation between Iberia and Air Europa.

Air Europa is actually doing pretty well financially. In 2023, the company reported a profit of €165 million, and in 2024, the company reported a profit of €205 million. For what it’s worth, IAG purchased its 20% stake in Air Europa for roughly €100 million, though that was at a time where the airline wasn’t doing as well.

Air Europa is an attractive investment target

This is a fascinating, unconventional investment

Generally, airline consolidation in Europe is very focused on the western part of the continent, with the “big three” airlines just trying to swallow up smaller airlines and add them to their long-haul joint ventures. So in that sense, I’d say that Turkish Airlines investing in Air Europa is generally great for consumers:

  • Air Europa will continue to be an independent player, since Turkish Airlines can never acquire a majority stake in an airline from the European Union
  • Air Europa will continue to compete with the “big three” joint ventures, rather than simply joining one of them
  • Turkish Airlines has a massive route network and a ton of global connectivity, so this would help the airline strengthen that even further, including in geographies where the airline is relatively weak

I see the strategic rationale behind this deal… sort of. As mentioned in Turkish Airlines’ own filing, the goal would be to tap into Air Europa’s strong presence on the Iberian Peninsula and in Latin America. If a deal were to happen, presumably we’d see Air Europa increase its service in Istanbul (IST), and Turkish Airlines increase its service in Madrid (MAD), to facilitate connections. Air Europa also doesn’t fly any further east than Tel Aviv (TLV), so Turkish Airlines can add a lot of value there.

Turkish Airlines currently flies to more countries than any airline in the world, so the carrier has an incredible network. However, if there were more plans to offer combined Turkish Airlines and Air Europa itineraries beyond Madrid and Istanbul, we’d be looking at two-stop service, rather than one-stop service.

The other thing to keep in mind is that Turkish Airlines won’t have a majority stake in Air Europa, so its power would be limited. IAG would have almost as much of a stake in the carrier as Turkish Airlines, so I think there are limits to the extent to which Turkish Airlines could push the agenda at Air Europa.

I’m sure many people wonder what alliance Air Europa will belong to once this deal is finalized. Air Europa is currently in SkyTeam, but will have investments from Star Alliance and oneworld airlines. I think it’s unlikely that Star Alliance will welcome Air Europa, since the airline competes with the Star Alliance transatlantic joint venture.

I don’t know what this will look like, but I think it would reflect the decreasing importance of global alliances. For that matter, Turkish Airlines isn’t exactly heavily reliant on Star Alliance either. So maybe Air Europa will stay in SkyTeam, or maybe it’ll just leave the alliance? We’ll see…

Turkish Airlines has a lot to gain with Air Europa

Bottom line

There has been a lot of talk of Air Europa getting an investment from another airline. Air France-KLM and Lufthansa Group have withdrawn their offers, and now Turkish Airlines has submitted a binding offer, which has been accepted. The plan is for Turkish Airlines to require a minority stake in Air Europa for an investment of €300 million.

I’d say Turkish Airlines’ investment in Air Europa is generally good for competition in Europe. It means that Air Europa will continue to compete with the existing long-haul joint ventures, while offering enhanced connectivity in cooperation with Turkish Airlines’ network. Then again, most of the routing synergies will be for itineraries involving at least two connections, since presumably passengers will have to route through both Istanbul and Madrid.

What do you make of Turkish Airlines investing in Air Europa?

Conversations (14)
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  1. TProphet Guest

    It seems like Air Europa zeroed out partner award inventory early last year and has never added any back. I wonder whether this will open up some new award options via Miles and Smiles. Not holding my breath, though.

  2. Eskimo Guest

    Lesson learned.
    Major : gets less than 10 comments.
    Tim Dunn: easily 100+ comments.

  3. Nate Guest

    Good point re EU airline cannot be majority-owned by non-EU company.

    I wonder if Turkish will leave Star and join SkyTeam. Does TK even codeshare with any of the other Star airlines in Europe?

  4. Barbarella Guest

    Having one single airline with 2 hubs one in MAD and one in IST makes a lot of sense.

    IST is Eastern focused and MAD is west focused. TK will have some long legged birds in the future that can help prevent 2-stop itineraries.

    Think UX operating it's Latin America network augmented with flights from US East coast hubs to Europe/North Africa medium haul + couple of ULHs to China and Japan (think...

    Having one single airline with 2 hubs one in MAD and one in IST makes a lot of sense.

    IST is Eastern focused and MAD is west focused. TK will have some long legged birds in the future that can help prevent 2-stop itineraries.

    Think UX operating it's Latin America network augmented with flights from US East coast hubs to Europe/North Africa medium haul + couple of ULHs to China and Japan (think japanese diaspora in Sao Paulo and Equator and China-Latin America trade).

    Meanwhile TK focuses on linking premium North American destinations + Europe and Africa to Asia + Oceania.

    The minority stakes does not make a lot of sense. But operating a single airline with 2 well placed long haul hubs that can reach anywhere in the world + tons of short haul traffic in between makes a bunch of sense !

  5. Ken Guest

    I never found award availability by air Europa...is there a trick?

  6. PR Guest

    It was announced that UX will move to Star Alliance.

    1. AGM Guest

      This move would make no sense, as UX-TK, LH-OS-AZ-LX-SN all compete in the same market. At least TK had some MENA influence, but UX has none of that. Additionally, LH and TK don't really synergize as partners. I can see TK-UX moving to SkyTeam, or even OneWorld as UX-IB may be more aligned, along with QR-TK-WY with IAG in play (as it has influence with UX, IB, and QR now). If SkyTeam, Delta would finally...

      This move would make no sense, as UX-TK, LH-OS-AZ-LX-SN all compete in the same market. At least TK had some MENA influence, but UX has none of that. Additionally, LH and TK don't really synergize as partners. I can see TK-UX moving to SkyTeam, or even OneWorld as UX-IB may be more aligned, along with QR-TK-WY with IAG in play (as it has influence with UX, IB, and QR now). If SkyTeam, Delta would finally have a quasi-Middle Eastern partner to expand connections into India/South Asia, as Riyadh Air won't do that for at least another 5 years, and who knows when the IndiGo thing will start (plus that only limits Delta to India, and neither neighboring country).

    2. futon Guest

      I don't think Qatar Airways would like a major competitor like Turkish join Oneworld. For me, Skyteam just fits them perfectly. It would compliment Saudia pretty well for Middle Estern connection. IndiGo's existing cooperation with most Skyteam members would make for a huge boost.

    3. Andy Diamond

      Agree, TK moving to SkyTeam would make more sense, since they don't have any presence in MENA. I don't see them moving to OW though, given QR/WY/RJ/AT already are covering well the MENA region and antitrust consideration in Spain is also speaking against it.

      In StarAlliance, TK is really an enemy of LH group, so I don't see any advantage of staying ... other than the fun of poking LH ...

    4. ImmortalSynn Guest

      "SkyTeam would make more sense, since they don't have any presence in MENA"

      Wait, what?

      Since when are Lebanon (MEA) and Saudi Arabia (Saudia) not in the Middle East?

    5. AGM Guest

      Neither of them are major. Saudia works for Europe and NA to Middle East but has limited presence in the Subcontinent (worse than KLM) and isn't connected properly with the US domestic network. MEA doesn't even have a presence in NA, nor the subcontinent. Those are two major long-haul markets that SkyTeam isn't able to connect with the Middle East in play.

      Let me give you an example.

      I can fly from AUS-MAA...

      Neither of them are major. Saudia works for Europe and NA to Middle East but has limited presence in the Subcontinent (worse than KLM) and isn't connected properly with the US domestic network. MEA doesn't even have a presence in NA, nor the subcontinent. Those are two major long-haul markets that SkyTeam isn't able to connect with the Middle East in play.

      Let me give you an example.

      I can fly from AUS-MAA (Chennai, India - 6th most populous city in India) through:

      OneWorld - AUS-LHR-MAA, AUS-AA/AS hub-DOH-MAA, AUS-AA/AS hub-HKG-MAA, AUS-JFK-DEL (and connect on IndiGo to MAA via AA booking channel), etc.

      Star - AUS-FRA-MAA, AUS-EWR-DXB (UA) - MAA (EK), AUS-JFK/EWR/SFO/ORD-DEL/BLR/BOM-MAA, AUS-EWR-ADD-MAA, etc.

      SkyTeam - AUS-AMS-DEL/BLR/BOM/AMS-MAA, AUS-DL hub-CDG/LHR-DEL/BLR/BOM-MAA (end of list).

      The advantage of a Middle East hub is the ability to launch short/medium-haul flights to major Indian cities like MAA, HYD, TRV, ATQ, PNQ, so on, that are not fuel intensive and can launch demand to the ME, Europe, and NA simultaneously. TK is well positioned for that if they can align their aircraft properly, while MEA and Saudia are not in a position for that.

  7. InceptionCat Diamond

    @Ben
    I believe IAG purchased their 20% stake for €200 Million valuing the airline at about €1bn at the time. Defo not €100m.

  8. Apple Guest

    @Lucky, can you cover the story that a plane took off for the first time in 2 years from Khartoum. Fascinated to know more, but can’t find anything online minus a video with a brief story saying it was carrying civilians on the generals plane. Or do you know anything?

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AGM Guest

Neither of them are major. Saudia works for Europe and NA to Middle East but has limited presence in the Subcontinent (worse than KLM) and isn't connected properly with the US domestic network. MEA doesn't even have a presence in NA, nor the subcontinent. Those are two major long-haul markets that SkyTeam isn't able to connect with the Middle East in play. Let me give you an example. I can fly from AUS-MAA (Chennai, India - 6th most populous city in India) through: OneWorld - AUS-LHR-MAA, AUS-AA/AS hub-DOH-MAA, AUS-AA/AS hub-HKG-MAA, AUS-JFK-DEL (and connect on IndiGo to MAA via AA booking channel), etc. Star - AUS-FRA-MAA, AUS-EWR-DXB (UA) - MAA (EK), AUS-JFK/EWR/SFO/ORD-DEL/BLR/BOM-MAA, AUS-EWR-ADD-MAA, etc. SkyTeam - AUS-AMS-DEL/BLR/BOM/AMS-MAA, AUS-DL hub-CDG/LHR-DEL/BLR/BOM-MAA (end of list). The advantage of a Middle East hub is the ability to launch short/medium-haul flights to major Indian cities like MAA, HYD, TRV, ATQ, PNQ, so on, that are not fuel intensive and can launch demand to the ME, Europe, and NA simultaneously. TK is well positioned for that if they can align their aircraft properly, while MEA and Saudia are not in a position for that.

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TProphet Guest

It seems like Air Europa zeroed out partner award inventory early last year and has never added any back. I wonder whether this will open up some new award options via Miles and Smiles. Not holding my breath, though.

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ImmortalSynn Guest

"SkyTeam would make more sense, since they don't have any presence in MENA" Wait, what? Since when are Lebanon (MEA) and Saudi Arabia (Saudia) not in the Middle East?

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